The current study examined the impact of Baumrind’s parenting styles on academic anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students majoring in education. A sample of 183 students, aged 18 to 23, was randomly selected from Northeastern Normal University (NENU), a prominent institution in mainland China specializing in education. Data were collected using the Parenting Authority Questionnaire (PAQ-2nd) and the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS) to evaluate perceived parenting styles and academic anxiety levels. Although the overall relationship between parenting style and academic anxiety was not statistically significant, distinct patterns emerged. Students raised with authoritative parenting exhibited the lowest levels of academic anxiety, indicating that this style may be most effective in creating a supportive academic environment. Conversely, those raised with authoritarian parenting reported the highest anxiety levels, suggesting that this more controlling approach may contribute to greater psychological stress. Students from permissive backgrounds showed anxiety levels that were intermediate, higher than those from authoritative households but lower than those from authoritarian ones. These findings highlighted the role of parenting style in shaping academic anxiety among Chinese education majors. Additionally, the study challenged the stereotype that Chinese parents predominantly use authoritarian methods, as many students reported being raised with authoritative parenting. This shift toward a more balanced, supportive approach may reflect evolving cultural norms in Chinese education, suggesting that adopting authoritative practices could help reduce academic anxiety in this population.

This study adopts the trade-off hypothesis as its theoretical framework, focusing on three key dimensions: complexity, accuracy, and fluency. It examines the differences in EFL learners’ speaking performance between independent practice and real-time communication. The findings show that learners tend to use more complex and accurate sentences during independent practice, as the absence of time pressure and interactive feedback allows greater cognitive resources for planning and self-monitoring. By contrast, in real-time communication, learners prioritise fluency to ensure smooth interaction, often simplifying sentence structures and sacrificing accuracy. This difference does not indicate insufficient ability but reflects strategic trade-offs under limited cognitive resources. The study argues that oral performance is context-dependent and should be understood as the speaker’s adaptation to the context, instead of a single-dimensional deficiency. Complexity and accuracy in independent practice reveal learners’ potential, while simplifications in real-time communication reveal their strategic choices in authentic interaction. These dynamics underscore the close link between language output and cognitive resource allocation, offering new insights into learner strengths and limitations. The implications of this study lie in two aspects. Firstly, it helps learners understand their performance across contexts, thereby enhancing their confidence and developing more effective learning strategies. Secondly, it provides insights for oral pedagogy, suggesting that teachers can balance complexity, accuracy, and fluency in task design.

China's special education system primarily serves children with physical and mental disabilities and has made significant progress in recent years. These advancements are reflected in the increased number of schools, the growth in student enrollment, the rise in the number of disabled students entering higher education, the enhancement of teacher training and professional standards, and the substantial increase in national funding. However, despite these achievements, several challenges remain, including incomplete legislation, unequal resource distribution, a lack of assessment tools, insufficient special education equipment, inadequate teacher resources, and an underdeveloped management system. These issues arise from the relatively late inception of special education in China, insufficient public awareness, an underdeveloped training system for specialized personnel, uneven regional economic development, overlapping responsibilities among multiple managing departments, and inadequate social participation and support. To further advance the development of special education in China, it is recommended to improve the legislative framework, strengthen legal supervision and enforcement, expand the coverage of educational services, enhance the training of special education professionals, optimize resource allocation, establish a robust management system, and increase social awareness and education to encourage broader societal participation and support for special education.

Aiming at the core pain points in the experimental teaching of power battery recycling, such as high safety risk, difficult to understand the abstract mechanism, and high operation cost, this paper constructs and implements the three-level progressive teaching mode of "theory model practice" based on the self-developed "expansion characteristics disassembly risk classification model". The model transforms the complex electrochemical mechanical mechanism into visual teaching aids through theoretical visualization; Through model simulation, a virtual simulation platform embedded with risk early warning algorithm is developed to realize cost free trial and error in high-risk scenarios; Through the standardization of training, the model threshold is transformed into entity operation specification, and the virtual and real fusion is verified by the sensor system. The practice in the course of new energy vehicle power battery technology in Geely University shows that the teaching mode has significantly improved the students' safety risk prediction ability and the standardization of practice, the pass rate of the course assessment has increased from 75% to 92%, and the average score of the evaluation of safety risk prediction ability has increased by 31.5%, effectively getting rid of the dilemma of experimental teaching in high-risk areas. The virtual reality integration teaching mode formed in this paper is not only suitable for the field of power battery recycling, but also provides a replicable reform paradigm for other high-cost and high-risk engineering experimental teaching.

Ideological security is an integral part of national security and constitutes the spiritual foundation of the Party’s governance. Marxism has always been the dominant ideology in China. Nevertheless, with the trends of economic globalization and the rise of the internet, amid profound global transformations unseen in a century, the international environment has grown increasingly complex. The diversification of social ideologies exerts significant influence on university students’ cognition, values, and political beliefs. Doctrines such as individualism, utilitarianism, hedonism, and populism in Western societies may easily lead to devaluation and demoralization of thought and behavior. Universities, as institutions that preserve culture, provide education, and serve society, shoulder the responsibility of safeguarding national culture and ideological security and represent a vital stronghold for promoting the socialist mainstream ideology. Ideological and political theory education in universities is a key measure to safeguard ideological security in China. The construction of ideological and political theory courses is of great practical significance for implementing the nation’s ideological policies and ensuring their security. It constitutes an essential component of ideological and political work in higher education and carries the mission of cultivating builders and successors of socialist modernization. Within this process, the core link lies in the discourse system of ideological and political teaching, which directly shapes the effectiveness and sustainability of these courses and related work.

The integrated construction of ideological and political courses in primary, secondary and tertiary schools in the new era needs to break through the dilemma of "closed-door teaching". As an important practical carrier of ideological and political education, the in-depth coupling between regional economic resources and the integration of ideological and political courses is a key path to implement "fostering virtue through education" and serve local economic development. Supported by the theory of combining education with productive labor and the theory of human growth laws, this paper focuses on Hainan's characteristic economic fields such as tropical agriculture, tourism, ecological resources, aerospace resources, maritime industry and free trade port construction. Combined with the institutional design and practical activities of the integrated ideological and political courses carried out in Hainan Province, it constructs a "five-in-one" coupling mechanism of "goal-content-carrier-subject-evaluation", and puts forward practical paths including resource integration, curriculum construction, teaching innovation, teacher training and guarantee optimization. It provides theoretical reference and practical paradigm for regional economic resources to empower the integrated construction of ideological and political courses.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, it brings a lot of benefits for the education in China such as the application of smart board.The purpose of the research is analyse the impact of smart board on teaching and learning in senior high school. There are different research ways in it such as questionnaires for both students and teachers and the literature review.Through the project, it finds both advantages and disadvantages of the smart board, but the advantages are more than disadvantages.There are also some problems which needs to improve such as the educational unfairness because in some poor areas, schools can not afford to make all the students use smart board.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is increasingly being integrated into education, particularly for predictive learning and addressing language barriers. This study examines the impact of AI technology on the English language acquisition of Chinese international students and its role in helping them overcome language barriers. Drawing on literature from applied linguistics, language education, and educational technology, the paper reviews how AI applications affect English learning, comparing them with earlier ICT tools. It explores the specific challenges Chinese students face in learning English, the evolution of AI, its applications across various domains, and its use in educational settings, highlighting both student and educator perspectives. The study identifies gaps in current knowledge, proposes future research directions with an emphasis on empirical studies examining AI’s impact across educational roles, and offers pedagogical recommendations to support Chinese students. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of AI’s current impact on language education, suggests strategies for its effective implementation, and explores potential avenues for future application.

The culture of Wuma Street in Wenzhou embodies the composite characteristics of “the integration of commerce and culture, and the resonance between the ancient and the modern.” It can empower the development of ideological and political education resources in middle schools through a threefold process of “historical demonstration, spiritual cultivation, and emotional sublimation.” This study proposes a three-dimensional development framework consisting of “classroom–practice–network.” Specifically, it advocates co-constructing school-based characteristic classrooms and expanding teaching resources to enrich classroom-based educational content, thereby laying a solid foundation of theoretical knowledge for students; strengthening practice-based educational resources by relying on field study activities and school-local cooperation to deepen students’ understanding of practical values; and extending online educational resources through cloud classrooms, resource databases, and new media platforms to broaden students’ technological practice fields.

In response to the Healthy China strategy and the development needs of Yunnan's hot spring medical and health care industry, this paper focuses on the core issues of medical talent cultivation and discipline construction for graduate and undergraduate students. By analyzing the current situation of talent supply and demand, sorting out the logic of discipline and major settings, and interpreting the characteristics of curriculum system construction, it explores the enrollment and employment trends, and clarifies the optimization direction of cultivation and construction. Yunnan has formed a prototype of "government-industry-university-research" collaborative training, but there exists an imbalance in the supply and demand structure: such as the shortage of high-end graduate talents, weak characteristic skills of undergraduates, lack of professional independence, and insufficient connection between courses and the industry; in addition, the current health and wellness tourism industry in Yunnan still faces problems such as a single business format and large investment. This study suggests improving the pertinence and adaptability of medical talent training. By accurately positioning the training goals of graduate students focusing on scientific research training and undergraduates emphasizing practical skills, improving interdisciplinary settings, and deepening university-enterprise integration, a multi-level medical talent training system should be constructed to provide talent support for the high-quality development of Yunnan's hot spring medical and health care industry.